
Yes, We Did
Linda Hansen (Auteur)
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In this trenchant challenge to social engineering, Paul Gottfried analyzes a patricide: the slaying of nineteenth-century liberalism by the managerial state. Many people, of course, realize that liberalism no longer connotes distributed powers and bourgeois moral standards, the need to protect civil society from an encroaching state, or the virtues of vigorous self-government. Many also know that today's "liberals" have far different goals from those of their predecessors, aiming as they do largely to combat prejudice, to provide social services and welfare benefits, and to defend expressive and "lifestyle" freedoms. Paul Gottfried does more than analyze these historical facts, however. He builds on them to show why it matters that the managerial state has replaced traditional liberalism: the new regimes of social engineers, he maintains, are elitists, and their rule is consensual only in the sense that it is unopposed by any widespread organized opposition. Throughout the western world, increasingly uprooted populations unthinkingly accept centralized controls in exchange for a variety of entitlements. In their frightening passivity, Gottfried locates the quandary for traditionalist and populist adversaries of the welfare state. How can opponents of administrative elites show the public that those who provide, however ineptly, for their material needs are the enemies of democratic self-rule and of independent decision making in family life? If we do not wake up, Gottfried warns, the political debate may soon be over, despite sporadic and ideologically confused populist rumblings in both Europe and the United States.
Theories of Democracy is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the main theories of democracy. Chapters are devoted to liberal democracy, classic pluralism, participatory democracy, catallaxy, democratic pragmatism, deliberative democracy and radical pluralism. Frank Cunningham assesses how these theories meet long-standing problems thought to beset democracy in practice: that democracy permits majorities to tyrannize minorities; that it is inefficient, unreliable and incoherent way of making collective decisions; that it invites conflict; and that it can be taken advantage of by demagogies or a mask systemic oppression. Cunningham also summarizes the views of famous forerunners of current democratic theory: Aristotle, de Tocqueville, Rousseau, Mill, Dewey and Schumpeter. A concluding chapter uses the example of globalization to show how the theories are concretely applied and notes their strengths and weaknesses in coping with globalization. The book also contains three helpful discussion sections that concentrate on the recurrent themes of the relation of liberal democracy to capitalism, the concept of democratic representation and the value of democracy.